Voice-কে Active থেকে Passive করার নিয়মাবলি
Rule 1: মূল রূপান্তর নিয়ম
a. Active voice-এর subject passive voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
b. Active voice-এর object passive voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
c. মূল verb-এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং auxiliary verb/be verb নির্বাচন করা হয় subject এবং tense অনুযায়ী।
উদাহরণ:- I write poems. (Active)
- Poems are written by me. (Passive)
Rule 2: Indefinite, Continuous ও Perfect Tense
Present Indefinite:Object's subjective form + am/is/are + Verb's past participle + by + subject's objective form
- She praises me.
- I am praised by her.
- I praise her.
- She is praised by me.
Past Indefinite:Object's subjective + was/were + Verb's past participle + by + subject's objective form
- She praised me.
- I was praised by her.
- She praised them.
- They were praised by her.
Future Indefinite:Object's subjective form + shall be/will be + Verb's past participle + by + subject's objective form
- She will praise me.
- I shall be praised by her.
- She will praise him.
- He will be praised by her.
Present Continuous:Object's subject + am being/is being/are being + Verb's past participle + by + subject's object
- She is praising me.
- I am being praised by her.
- She is praising them.
- They are being praised by her.
Past Continuous:Object's subject + was being/were being + Verb's past participle + by + subject's object
- She was praising me.
- I was being praised by her.
- She was praising them.
- They were being praised by her.
Future Continuous:Object's subject + shall be being/will be being + Verb's past participle + by + subject's object
- She will be praising me.
- I shall be being praised by her.
- She will be praising them.
- They will be being praised by her.
Present Perfect:Object's subject + has been/have been + Verb's past participle + by + subject's object
- She has praised him.
- He has been praised by her.
- She has praised me.
- I have been praised by her.
Past Perfect:Object's subject + had been + Verb's past participle + by + subject's object
- She had praised me.
- I had been praised by her.
Future Perfect:Object's subject + shall have been/will have been + Verb's past participle + by + subject's object
- She will have praised me.
- I shall have been praised by her.
- She will have praised him.
- He will have been praised by her.
Rule 3: May/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to
Object's subject + may/might/can/could/must/ought to/going to + be + Verb's past participle + by + subject's object
- You must write the poem.
- The poem must be written by you.
- She may help you.
- You may be helped by her.
- We ought to obey our parents.
- Our parents ought to be obeyed by us.
- We are going to organize a party.
- A party is going to be organized by us.
Rule 4: Imperative Sentence
a. Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে:
Let + Object's subject + be + verb's past participle
- Write the article.
- Let the article be written.
- Prepare the assignment.
- Let the assignment be prepared.
b. "Do not" দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে:
Let not + Object's subject + be + verb's past participle
- Do not write the article.
- Let not the article be written.
- Do not prepare the assignment.
- Let not the assignment be prepared.
c. "Let" দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object থাকলে:
Let + Object's subject + be + verb's past participle + personal object
- Let me write the article.
- Let the article be written by me.
- Let him write the letter.
- Let the letter be written by him.
d. "Never" দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে:
Let not + Object's subject + ever be + verb's past participle
- Never deceive anyone.
- Let not anyone ever be deceived.
- Never go there.
- Let not there ever be gone.
e. Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object থাকলে:
Let + direct object + be + verb's past participle + for + personal object
- Give me a pencil.
- Let a pencil be given for me.
- Give me an eraser.
- Let an eraser be given for me.
Rule 5: Interrogative Sentence
a. সাধারণ Interrogative Sentence:
- Have you written the article?
- Has the article been written by you?
- Are you writing the article?
- Is the article being written by you?
b. "Who" দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence:
By whom + Auxiliary verb + object-এর subject + (be/being/been) + Verb-এর past participle + ?
- Who is writing the poem?
- By whom is the poem being written?
c. "Whom" দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence:
Who + Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle + by + subject-এর object + ?
- Whom did you recommend?
- Who was recommended by you?
d. "What" দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence:
What + Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle + by + subject-এর object + ?
- What is he doing?
- What is being done by him?
- What does he need?
- What is needed by him?
Rule 6-16: বিশেষ কাঠামো
Rule 6: Subject + verb + object + present participle
Object's subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle + present participle-যুক্ত অংশ + by + subject-এর object
- I saw him performing the dance.
- He was seen performing the dance by me.
Rule 7: Double Object
- I gave her a dress.
- She was given a dress by me.
Rule 8: Complex ও Compound Sentence
- I know that he sang the song.
- It is known to me that the song was sung by him.
- People say that Dhaka is the city of mosques.
- It is said that Dhaka is the city of mosques.
Rule 9: Intransitive Verb + Preposition (Group Verb)
Object (subject হিসেবে) + Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle + প্রদত্ত preposition + by + subject-এর object
- The boy took care of the parrots.
- The parrots were taken care of by the boy.
Rule 10: Reflexive Object
Active voice-এর একই subject passive form-এ + Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle + by + reflexive object
- He mocked himself.
- He was mocked by himself.
Rule 11: Factitive / Complementary Object
- They made me a moderator.
- I was made a moderator by them.
Rule 12: Cognate Object
- He wrote a poem.
- A poem was written by him.
Rule 13: Infinitive-যুক্ত Active Voice
- He wants you to give a speech.
- He wants a speech to be given.
Rule 14: Gerund Combinations
- He proposed watching the movie.
- He proposed that the movie should be watched.
Rule 15: Determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide + infinitive + object
- He decided to prepare the proposal.
- He decided that the proposal should be prepared.
Rule 16: One + should
- One should perform one's prayers.
- Prayers should be performed.
Voice-কে Passive থেকে Active করার নিয়মাবলি
Rule 1: সাধারণ নিয়ম
a. Passive voice-এর object → Active voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
b. Passive voice-এর subject → Active voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
c. Subject এবং tense অনুসারে main verb বা এর past/future রূপ ব্যবহার করা হয় verb-এর past participle-এর পরিবর্তে; auxiliary verb/be verb এবং by উঠিয়ে দেয়া হয়।
উদাহরণ:- Passive: Designs are prepared by me.
- Active: I prepare designs.
Rule 2: Indefinite Tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active Voice
Present Indefinite:Subject's object + am/is/are বাদ + past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: I am supported by her.
- Active: She supports me.
- Passive: She is supported by me.
- Active: I support her.
Past Indefinite:Subject's object + was/were বাদ + past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর past form + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: I was supported by her.
- Active: She supported me.
- Passive: They were supported by her.
- Active: She supported them.
Future Indefinite:Subject's object + shall/will + be বাদ + past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: I shall be assisted by her.
- Active: She will assist me.
- Passive: He will be assisted by her.
- Active: She will assist him.
Present Continuous:Subject's object + am/is/are + being বাদ + মূল verb + ing + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: I am being supported by her.
- Active: She is supporting me.
- Passive: He is being supported by her.
- Active: She is supporting him.
- Passive: They are being supported by her.
- Active: She is supporting them.
Past Continuous:Subject's object + was/were + being বাদ + মূল verb + ing + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: I was being supported by her.
- Active: She was supporting me.
- Passive: They were being supported by her.
- Active: She was supporting them.
Future Continuous:Subject's object + shall/will + being বাদ + মূল verb + ing + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: I shall be being supported by her.
- Active: She will be supporting me.
- Passive: They will be being supported by her.
- Active: She will be supporting them.
Present Perfect:Subject's object + has/have + been বাদ + Verb-এর past participle + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: He has been supported by her.
- Active: She has supported him.
- Passive: I have been supported by her.
- Active: She has supported me.
Past Perfect:Subject's object + had + been বাদ + Verb-এর past participle + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: I had been supported by her.
- Active: She had supported me.
Future Perfect:Subject's object + shall have/will have + been বাদ + Verb-এর past participle + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: I shall have been supported by her.
- Active: She will have supported me.
- Passive: He will have been supported by her.
- Active: She will have supported him.
Rule 3: Modal Verbs-যুক্ত Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active Voice
Subject's object + may/might/can/could/must/ought to/going to + be বাদ + past participle-এর পরিবর্তে মূল verb + by বাদ + Object's subject
- Passive: You may be assisted by her.
- Active: She may assist you.
- Passive: The song must be sung by you.
- Active: You must sing the song.
- Passive: A picnic is going to be arranged by us.
- Active: We are going to arrange a picnic.
Rule 4: Imperative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active Voice
a. Let + Object's subject + be + verb's past participle:
Sentence মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হবে + Object's subject
- Passive: Let the design be prepared.
- Active: Prepare the design.
b. Let not + Object's subject + be + verb's past participle:
Sentence "Do not" দিয়ে শুরু হবে + মূল verb + Object's subject
- Passive: Let not the math be done.
- Active: Do not do the math.
c. Let + Object's subject + be + verb's past participle + personal object:
Let + Personal object + মূল verb + Object's subject
- Passive: Let the poem be written by me.
- Active: Let me write the poem.
- Passive: Let the poem be written by him.
- Active: Let him write the poem.
d. Let not + Object's subject + ever be + verb's past participle:
"Never" দিয়ে Sentence শুরু হবে + মূল verb + Object's subject
- Passive: Let not anyone ever be mistreated.
- Active: Never mistreat anyone.
e. Let + direct object + be + verb's past participle + for + personal object:
Sentence মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হবে + personal object + direct object
- Passive: Let an eraser be given for me.
- Active: Give me an eraser.
Rule 5: Interrogative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active Voice
a. সাধারণ Interrogative Sentence:
Auxiliary verb + Subject's object + Tense অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ + Object's subject + ?
- Passive: Has the assignment been prepared by you?
- Active: Have you prepared the assignment?
b. "By whom" দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence:
Who + Auxiliary verb according to tense and person + Verb's form according to tense and person + subject's object + ?
- Passive: By whom is the proposal being prepared?
- Active: Who is preparing the proposal?
c. "Who" দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence:
Whom + Auxiliary verb according to tense and person + subject's object + Verb's form according to tense and person + ?
- Passive: Who was recommended by you?
- Active: Whom did you recommend?
d. "What" দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence:
What + Auxiliary verb according to tense and person + subject's object + verb's form according to tense and person + ?
- Passive: What has been done by you?
- Active: What have you done?
Rule 6-16: বিশেষ কাঠামোযুক্ত Active Voice
Rule 6: Present Participle-যুক্ত Passive
Subject + verb + object + present participle + Object's subject
- Passive: He was seen singing the song by me.
- Active: I saw him singing the song.
Rule 7: Double Object-যুক্ত Passive
Subject's object + verb's form according to tense and person + personal object + the other object
- Passive: She was given a book by me.
- Active: I gave her a book.
Rule 8: "It is known to me" Structure
I know that ... (Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী করা হয়)
- Passive: It is known to me that the speech was given by him.
- Active: I know that he gave the speech.
দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি "It is said that" দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তবে শুরুতে "People say" ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- Passive: It is said that Bangladesh is the land of rivers.
- Active: People say that Bangladesh is the land of rivers.
Rule 9: Group Verb-যুক্ত Intransitive Verb
Object হবে subject + tense অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ + preposition + subject হবে object
- Passive: The cats were taken care of by the boy.
- Active: The boy took care of the cats.
Rule 10: Reflexive Object-যুক্ত Passive
Subject + Main verb's form according to tense and person + the reflexive object
- Passive: He was hurt by himself.
- Active: He hurt himself.
Rule 11: Factitive Object-যুক্ত Passive
Him/her/me/us/you/them + verb's form + subject's object + factitive object
- Passive: I was made the leader by them.
- Active: They made me the leader.
দ্রষ্টব্য: call, make, name, nominate, elect, select-এর মত transitive verb পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না, তাই অতিরিক্ত object ব্যবহার করা হয়। এই অতিরিক্ত object-কে Factitive object বলে।
Rule 12: Cognate Object-যুক্ত Passive
Object হবে subject + main verb's form + Cognate object
- Passive: A pizza was made by him.
- Active: He made a pizza.
দ্রষ্টব্য: কিছু intransitive verb সাহায্যকারী object ব্যবহার করে transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate object বলে।
Rule 13: Subject + main verb + object + to be + past participle
Passive voice's subject + main verb according to tense and person + second person + infinitive + object
- Passive: He wants a song to be sung.
- Active: He wants you to sing a song.
Rule 14: suggest/recommend/advise/propose + that + object + should be + past participle
Passive voice's subject + main verb according to tense and person + gerund + object
- Passive: He proposed that the song should be listened to.
- Active: He proposed listening to the song.
Rule 15: determine/arrange/demand/decide + that + object + should be + past participle
Passive voice's subject + main verb according to tense and person + infinitive + object
- Passive: He decided that the speech should be given.
- Active: He decided to give the speech.
Rule 16: Object's subject + should be + verb's past participle
One + should + main verb + object
- Passive: The duty should be performed.
- Active: One should perform the duty.